Obligate aerobes: these organisms must ...

Clostridium botulinum and obligate anaerobic - Health image Ligrary # 1979 Although breathing is necessary for life, the special role played by oxygen to support life is not easy to understand. In fact, in organisms that can use his oxygen molecules allows food to be completely destroyed, so that every possible bit of energy is extracted for use in control cells, cells from those that are in the human body into a tiny single-celled bacteria. The organisms are able to use O2 for aerobic metabolism called. Oxygen can be actually quite toxic, and cell to be able to use molecular oxygen, it must be able to produce specific enzymes detoxify oxygen waste products. Aerobic produce catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for this purpose. There are many kinds of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that can live without oxygen. These micro-organisms or enzymes are needed to neutralize oxygen waste, or they can not make enough of these enzymes to be able to live normal levels of atmospheric oxygen. These bacteria are called anaerobes. They are still able to break down food molecules in the absence of O2, but can not make it as cheap strattera effective as aerobic. Although they could not get as much energy from food, as anaerobic has its advantages. Microbes that do not require oxygen are able to live in places where aerobes can not survive, such as the human intestine, and many other places at low oxygen supply. For pathogens (those that cause disease), this ability is a huge advantage, allowing anaerobic pathogens that cause disease in the body that are not exposed to oxygen. In microbiology, there are special terms used to describe the relationship of microbes with oxygen. Here are the main category:

obligate aerobes: these organisms should be oxygen to survive. People and bacteria

Bacillus only two examples of obligate anaerobes. Obligate anaerobes: These microbes are killed in the presence of oxygen. An example might be members of the bacterial genus

Clostridium. Although

C. Tetanus

(agent tetanus), p

botulism (botulism agent),

C. perfringens

(Agent gas gangrene) and C. difficile

(cause pseudomembranous colitis) die in the presence of oxygen, the members of this genus are capable of producing endospory, structures that allow endospory producing at rest in adverse conditions. Optional anaerobes: These microbes can exist without oxygen, but if there is a choice, better access to oxygen, in order to get maximum energy from the metabolism of food. Many yeasts, enteric bacteria such as gram-negative

Escherichia coli and gram-positive skin residential halofyly as

staphylococci are facultative anaerobes. Microaerophiles: These bacteria require oxygen, but at levels lower than found in the atmosphere. Helicobacter pylori, the cause of stomach ulcers is microaerophile. Aerotolerant Anaerobes: These microbes do not depend on oxygen. They can not use it, but no damage. Lactobacillus bacteria, which are part of the normal intestinal flora are aerotolerant. To learn more about microbiology, see Todars Book online or bacteriology. Here are the key to information relating to the second photo (bacteria in liquid culture and oxygen) associated with this article. The following may help clarify the different types of relationship that microbes have on oxygen. Aerobic bacteria of various behave differently when grown in liquid culture ... Obligate aerobic bacteria gather at the top of the tube to absorb the maximum amount of oxygen. Obligate anaerobic bacteria gather at the bottom to avoid oxygen. Optional bacteria collected mainly in the upper as well as aerobic respiration is the most energy efficient, but as a lack of oxygen does not hurt them, they can be found throughout the tube. Microaerophiles going to the top of the tube, but not at the top. They need oxygen, but in lesser concentrations than found in the atmosphere. Aerotolerant bacteria were not affected by oxygen, and they are uniformly distributed in vitro. .